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初中英语语法三大从句

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  在初中英语中,主要有三大从句,即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。小阅今天跟大家分享的就是这三个从句的主要语法点,赶快看起来吧!XMm阅下文库

  初中英语语法三大从句XMm阅下文库

  宾语从句XMm阅下文库

  一、定义XMm阅下文库

  在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。XMm阅下文库

  二、连接词XMm阅下文库

  that: I think that you can pass the exam.XMm阅下文库

  Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.XMm阅下文库

  “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.XMm阅下文库

  I don’t know where he found the book.XMm阅下文库

  只用whether的情况:XMm阅下文库

  1. 与or not连用:XMm阅下文库

  I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.XMm阅下文库

  2. 与动词不定式连用:XMm阅下文库

  He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.XMm阅下文库

  3. 连接词前有介词时:XMm阅下文库

  It depends on whether he is coming.XMm阅下文库

  三、时态XMm阅下文库

  1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)XMm阅下文库

  She wants to know what he has done for the exam.XMm阅下文库

  2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。XMm阅下文库

  1)She said that she was a student.XMm阅下文库

  2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.XMm阅下文库

  3)She said that she had finished her homework already.XMm阅下文库

  3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。XMm阅下文库

  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.XMm阅下文库

  定语从句XMm阅下文库

  一、定义XMm阅下文库

  在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。XMm阅下文库

  二、先行词XMm阅下文库

  先行词指人 who /thatXMm阅下文库

  先行词指物 which/ thatXMm阅下文库

  定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后XMm阅下文库

  三、关系代词XMm阅下文库

  关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词XMm阅下文库

  四、翻译方法 “…. 的”XMm阅下文库

  Whom: 先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whomXMm阅下文库

  1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.XMm阅下文库

  2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.XMm阅下文库

  Whose : 指人或物,作定语,表示 “…的”XMm阅下文库

  eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.XMm阅下文库

  关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况:XMm阅下文库

  1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:XMm阅下文库

  This is the first gift that my parents bought me.XMm阅下文库

  2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:XMm阅下文库

  This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.XMm阅下文库

  3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.XMm阅下文库

  e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shopXMm阅下文库

  4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.XMm阅下文库

  e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.XMm阅下文库

  5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thatXMm阅下文库

  e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.XMm阅下文库

  6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.XMm阅下文库

  Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?XMm阅下文库

  当关系代词前使用介词时:XMm阅下文库

  物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whomXMm阅下文库

  当关系代词前使用介词时:XMm阅下文库

  e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.XMm阅下文库

  2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.XMm阅下文库

  状语从句XMm阅下文库

  一、定义XMm阅下文库

  在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。XMm阅下文库

  二、状语从句一般分为八大类XMm阅下文库

  时间状语从句 地点状语从句XMm阅下文库

  原因状语从句 目的状语从句XMm阅下文库

  结果状语从句 条件状语从句XMm阅下文库

  方式状语从句 让步状语从句XMm阅下文库

  1. 时间状语从句XMm阅下文库

  When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发生。XMm阅下文库

  When I opened the window, I saw him come up.XMm阅下文库

  When --- 正在……的时候,突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时,在翻译的时候,when 可以译成没想到或突然。XMm阅下文库

  I was walking along the street , when I met him.XMm阅下文库

  When 当从句是进行时,主句是一般时,往往表示不满。XMm阅下文库

  Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.XMm阅下文库

  When=afterXMm阅下文库

  When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.XMm阅下文库

  While ---在……期间,往往指一段时间。XMm阅下文库

  While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.XMm阅下文库

  While ---表示一种不满情绪,意思是这边在干某种重要的事,而另一边在享受等。XMm阅下文库

  We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.XMm阅下文库

  As --- 一边……一边, 随着XMm阅下文库

  She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.XMm阅下文库

  As --- 当……时,指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生,从句通常用进行时。XMm阅下文库

  As I was going out, it began to rain.XMm阅下文库

  The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,XMm阅下文库

  ---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?XMm阅下文库

  ---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.XMm阅下文库

  Not… until --- 直到……才XMm阅下文库

  He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.XMm阅下文库

  Before --- 在……之前XMm阅下文库

  The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.XMm阅下文库

  After --- 在…… 之后XMm阅下文库

  The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.XMm阅下文库

  Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时XMm阅下文库

  I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.XMm阅下文库

  It is just a week since we arrived here.XMm阅下文库

  As soon as --- 一……就……XMm阅下文库

  Jack went to school as soon as he got well.XMm阅下文库

  No sooner than --- 一……就……XMm阅下文库

  no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装XMm阅下文库

  Hardly …when…XMm阅下文库

  Scarcely …when…XMm阅下文库

  No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.XMm阅下文库

  Once --- 一但……就……XMm阅下文库

  Once you see him, you will never forget him.XMm阅下文库

  Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当XMm阅下文库

  Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.XMm阅下文库

  2. 条件状语从句XMm阅下文库

  引导状语从句的连接词有:XMm阅下文库

  If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知,in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是,以…为条件XMm阅下文库

  If ---如果XMm阅下文库

  If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.XMm阅下文库

  Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if notXMm阅下文库

  We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flightXMm阅下文库

  As long as --- 只要XMm阅下文库

  We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.XMm阅下文库

  As (so) far as --- 据……所知XMm阅下文库

  As far as I know, he speaks English very well.XMm阅下文库

  In case --- 假使, 如果XMm阅下文库

  The plane cannot take off in case it rains.XMm阅下文库

  Provided that 如果,有时省略 thatXMm阅下文库

  The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.XMm阅下文库

  On condition that --- 条件是…XMm阅下文库

  He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.XMm阅下文库

  注:主从句的动作发生在将来时,则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。XMm阅下文库

  If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.XMm阅下文库

  3. 地点状语从句XMm阅下文库

  地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, whereverXMm阅下文库

  Where --- 在……地方XMm阅下文库

  Where there is a will, there is a way.XMm阅下文库

  Wherever --- 无论哪里XMm阅下文库

  Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.XMm阅下文库

  4. 原因状语从句XMm阅下文库

  because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.XMm阅下文库

  Because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.XMm阅下文库

  Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.XMm阅下文库

  As --- 因为, 通常放在句首XMm阅下文库

  As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.XMm阅下文库

  Since ---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)XMm阅下文库

  Since everybody has come, we can set off.XMm阅下文库

  Now that --- 既然XMm阅下文库

  Now that you are here, you can join us.XMm阅下文库

  considering that --- 顾及到XMm阅下文库

  Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.XMm阅下文库

  seeing that --- 由于XMm阅下文库

  Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.XMm阅下文库

  5. 结果状语从句XMm阅下文库

  引导结果状语从句的连词有:that, so that, so…that…XMm阅下文库

  such…that So… that --- 太……以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用thatXMm阅下文库

  Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹.XMm阅下文库

  So that --- 因而,以便,为了 有时so 可以省去XMm阅下文库

  Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.XMm阅下文库

  Such …that… ---太……以至于 用法与so…that相同,但such 后面应用名词。XMm阅下文库

  The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.XMm阅下文库

  6. 目的状语从句XMm阅下文库

  引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lestXMm阅下文库

  (So) that --- 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等XMm阅下文库

  Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.XMm阅下文库

  in order that --- 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等XMm阅下文库

  School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.XMm阅下文库

  for fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)XMm阅下文库

  He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.XMm阅下文库

  in case --- 万一XMm阅下文库

  You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.XMm阅下文库

  Lest --- 以防万一XMm阅下文库

  The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.XMm阅下文库

  7. 让步状语从句XMm阅下文库

  引导让步状语从句的连词有:Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.XMm阅下文库

  Although, though ---虽然 although 和though 可以互换,但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。XMm阅下文库

  Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.XMm阅下文库

  Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.XMm阅下文库

  As --- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。XMm阅下文库

  Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.XMm阅下文库

  Even if /even though ---即使XMm阅下文库

  Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.XMm阅下文库

  However --- 不论, however 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装XMm阅下文库

  He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.XMm阅下文库

  No matter (what, when, where, how) ---无论(什么,何时,何地,怎样)XMm阅下文库

  He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.XMm阅下文库

  Whatever --- 不管XMm阅下文库

  Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.XMm阅下文库

  While ---尽管XMm阅下文库

  While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.XMm阅下文库

  Whether ---不管,常与or not 连用XMm阅下文库

  Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.XMm阅下文库

  8. 方式状语从句XMm阅下文库

  方式状语从句常由: as, as if, as thoughXMm阅下文库

  as ---与…… 一样XMm阅下文库

  Do in Rome as the Romans do.XMm阅下文库

  as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气XMm阅下文库

  She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.XMm阅下文库

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